How does tourism relate to capitalism?

Tourism and capitalism are deeply intertwined. The industry’s profitability fundamentally relies on the exploitation of labor, a core tenet of capitalist systems. Think of the low wages paid to hotel staff in many popular destinations, or the grueling conditions faced by tour guides working long hours for minimal compensation. This exploitation is crucial to generating the vast profits enjoyed by tourism corporations.

However, the picture is more complex than simple exploitation. A significant portion of the industry’s success depends on what economists call ‘unpaid labor’. This includes the massive amount of unpaid domestic work – the cooking, cleaning, and childcare provided predominantly by women – that supports the tourism sector. Without this often invisible labor, the whole system would collapse.

Furthermore, tourism often ‘free rides’ on the commons. This means it benefits enormously from resources and services that are not privately owned and are often under-valued. These include:

Natural beauty: Pristine beaches, stunning mountains, and breathtaking national parks are all free gifts of nature that tourists flock to see, generating profit for businesses but offering little direct financial return to the communities that maintain and protect them. I’ve witnessed firsthand how unsustainable tourism practices can degrade these precious environments.
Cultural heritage: Ancient ruins, traditional festivals, and local art forms are often exploited for profit without adequate compensation to the communities that preserve them. The commodification of culture can be incredibly damaging.
Infrastructure: Roads, airports, and other public infrastructure are often publicly funded yet heavily utilized by the tourism industry with minimal direct contribution to their maintenance. This hidden cost is often ignored in discussions about tourism’s economic benefits.

This ‘free riding’ on unpaid labor and the commons distorts the true cost of tourism, masking the negative consequences for local communities and the environment. Understanding this intricate relationship is crucial for creating more sustainable and equitable tourism models. We need to move towards models that fairly compensate those whose labor and resources support the industry, ensuring that the benefits of tourism are more widely shared.

Can tourism really be sustainable?

Can tourism truly be sustainable? That’s the million-dollar question, and the answer is nuanced. The goal isn’t just to minimize harm – sustainable tourism strives to maximize positive impacts while mitigating negative ones. Think less about damage control and more about responsible resource management, fair wages for local communities, and preserving cultural heritage.

But I’ve seen firsthand how even well-intentioned efforts can fall short. That’s why the concept of regenerative tourism is gaining traction. It’s about actively restoring and improving the places we visit. This goes beyond carbon offsetting; it’s about tangible, positive change. Imagine tourism initiatives that actively reforest degraded areas, revitalize traditional crafts, and empower local businesses to thrive sustainably.

I’ve witnessed this in action in various corners of the globe. In Costa Rica, eco-lodges reinvest profits into rainforest conservation. In rural communities in Peru, tourism initiatives fund local schools and infrastructure improvements. These aren’t exceptions; they represent the future of responsible travel.

The challenge lies in scaling these successful models. We need robust certification programs to hold destinations accountable. We, as travelers, need to be more discerning – choosing operators who prioritize sustainability and actively participate in regenerative initiatives. It’s not just about ticking a box; it’s about genuine commitment to long-term positive change. Support businesses that genuinely care, and look beyond the glossy brochures. Sustainable and regenerative tourism requires collective effort – from policymakers, businesses, and most importantly, us, the travelers.

What are 3 negatives of capitalism?

Three significant downsides of capitalism, frequently overlooked by casual observers, are its inherent inequalities, its susceptibility to monopolistic practices, and its historical association with exploitative global dynamics.

Unequal Wealth Distribution: Capitalism, while generating wealth, often concentrates it disproportionately. This isn’t merely a matter of differing incomes; it manifests in vast disparities in access to resources like healthcare, education, and even clean water. While touring, you might notice stark contrasts between opulent areas and impoverished communities within the same city, a common sight in many capitalist societies. This inequality fuels social unrest and limits opportunities for significant social mobility.

Monopolies and Oligarchies: The competitive nature of capitalism can paradoxically lead to its own undoing. Successful companies often leverage their resources to stifle competition, creating monopolies or oligopolies. This reduces consumer choice, inflates prices, and can even influence governmental policies in their favor (oligarchy). When exploring different countries, it’s worthwhile considering the level of market concentration in specific sectors. A few dominant players often signal a less competitive and possibly less innovative market.

Imperialism and Exploitation: Historically, capitalism has been inextricably linked to colonialism and imperialism. The pursuit of profit has driven exploitation of resources and labor in less-developed nations. This often manifests as unfair trade practices, resource extraction without adequate compensation, and the imposition of economically damaging policies. Observing historical sites and museums during your travels can offer valuable insights into this exploitative side of capitalism’s global impact. For example, examining colonial architecture or learning about the history of resource extraction in a particular region can illuminate this dark side.

What are the 7 forms of sustainable tourism?

Forget overcrowded beaches and cookie-cutter resorts. Sustainable tourism transcends the typical vacation, offering deeper, more meaningful experiences while minimizing environmental impact and maximizing benefits for local communities. While the exact categorization varies, several key forms consistently emerge. Ecotourism, often the first to mind, prioritizes conservation and education, immersing travelers in pristine natural environments while supporting their preservation. Green tourism adopts eco-friendly practices across the entire travel spectrum, from accommodation choices to transportation. Rural and agritourism provide immersive experiences in rural settings, showcasing local agriculture and traditions. Community tourism directly benefits local communities by involving them in tourism planning and distribution of profits, fostering cultural exchange and empowering residents. Soft tourism, characterized by low visitor numbers and minimal environmental disturbance, contrasts sharply with mass tourism’s footprint. Solidarity and responsible tourism, encompassing ethical considerations, ensure fair wages, environmental respect, and cultural sensitivity throughout the entire tourist chain. Ultimately, these forms offer alternatives to mass tourism, focusing on genuine engagement with nature and culture, offering a richer, more rewarding travel experience for both visitors and hosts.

Can capitalism be greened?

The question of whether capitalism can go green is a complex one. Green capitalism, in theory, allows corporations to profit from sustainable initiatives, like renewable energy, while maintaining their core business model. Think of it like this: a company might invest in solar panel production, not purely out of altruism, but because there’s a profitable market for clean energy. I’ve seen firsthand in places like Iceland, how geothermal energy has become a lucrative industry, a perfect example of this in practice. However, it’s crucial to note the potential pitfalls.

The biggest risk is greenwashing. This is when companies make misleading or exaggerated claims about their environmental performance to boost their image and sales without making significant changes. I encountered many examples of this in Southeast Asia, where sustainable tourism was often poorly regulated, leading to significant environmental damage despite the marketing claims. Strong, transparent, and independent regulatory frameworks are essential to prevent this and ensure genuine environmental benefits.

Essentially, green capitalism can work, but only with robust oversight. Without it, the potential for exploitation and continued environmental damage remains high. I’ve personally witnessed the devastating impact of unchecked industrial practices in various parts of the world, highlighting the need for responsible corporate behavior and effective regulation, regardless of the economic model.

What are the three pillars of sustainable tourism?

As an avid adventurer, I see sustainable tourism as a tripod, each leg vital for balance: environmental sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability – or as I like to remember it: planet, people, and profit.

Environmental sustainability isn’t just about avoiding litter; it’s about minimizing our impact on trails. This means choosing low-impact travel options, respecting wildlife (observing from a distance, leaving no trace), and supporting businesses committed to conservation. Think: utilizing public transport or biking to access trailheads instead of driving, packing out everything you pack in, and supporting locally owned outfitters who prioritize responsible practices.

Minimize your carbon footprint: Opt for trains or buses over planes whenever possible.
Respect wildlife habitats: Stay on marked trails, avoid disturbing animals, and learn about local flora and fauna before your trip.
Support eco-lodges and sustainable businesses: Look for certifications like LEED or Green Globe.

Social sustainability means respecting local cultures and communities. This involves supporting local businesses, learning a few basic phrases in the local language, and being mindful of local customs and traditions. It’s about leaving a positive impact on the people you encounter, not just the environment.

Support local economies: Eat at locally owned restaurants, buy souvenirs from local artisans, and hire local guides.
Learn about local customs: Research the area’s culture before you go to understand appropriate behavior and etiquette.
Engage respectfully with local communities: Ask permission before taking photos of people and be mindful of your impact on their daily lives.

Economic sustainability ensures that tourism benefits local communities and businesses long-term. This means supporting local economies, ensuring fair wages for workers, and contributing to the overall well-being of the community. Don’t just spend money; invest in the sustainability of the places you visit.

Is tourism a social or economic impact?

Tourism’s impact is a complex tapestry woven from social and economic threads. While it undeniably boosts economies – think of the ripple effect from tourist spending on local goods, services, and infrastructure – its social consequences are far more nuanced. It can revitalize communities, preserving cultural heritage through the demand for traditional crafts and performances. However, unchecked tourism can also lead to the commodification of culture, diluting authenticity and even displacing local populations. The economic benefits aren’t always evenly distributed, with potential for increased inequality if the profits primarily flow to large corporations rather than local businesses and residents. Overtourism, a significant concern in many popular destinations, can strain resources, damage the environment, and lead to resentment among locals faced with rising costs of living and overcrowding.

Consider Venice, struggling under the weight of millions of annual visitors, or the fragile ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands, where strict regulations attempt to balance tourism with conservation. The economic benefits, while real, must be carefully managed to ensure sustainable development and equitable distribution. The key lies in responsible tourism practices, prioritizing community engagement, environmental protection, and authentic cultural experiences. Without such mindful approaches, the potential downsides of tourism outweigh its economic advantages. A well-managed tourism sector ensures positive economic growth without undermining the social fabric and environmental integrity of a destination.

What is a negative economic impact of sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism, while aiming for positive impacts, can ironically suffer from economic leakage. This occurs when tourist spending doesn’t stay within the local economy, flowing instead to multinational corporations or outside investors. I’ve witnessed this firsthand in numerous countries – think large hotel chains profiting disproportionately while local businesses struggle. This limits the actual economic benefit for the destination.

Furthermore, the push for sustainability doesn’t negate environmental damage. Overtourism, even in eco-lodges, can strain resources and degrade natural beauty. I’ve seen breathtaking landscapes scarred by irresponsible development, masquerading as sustainable. Careful planning and strong regulation are crucial to mitigating this, something often lacking in developing nations.

Finally, while job creation is a touted benefit, the nature of these jobs is crucial. Are they low-paying, seasonal, and lacking in benefits? Many destinations experience a boom-and-bust cycle, leaving local communities vulnerable when tourist numbers fluctuate. Investing in skills development and fair labor practices is paramount to ensure sustainable economic growth benefiting the local population. The true measure of success isn’t just job creation, but the quality and longevity of those jobs.

What are the disadvantages of sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism is a fantastic concept, aiming to minimize negative impacts on the environment and local cultures. However, the reality is often far more nuanced. One significant drawback is the potential for exploitation of local communities. This isn’t always blatant, but often insidious and deeply rooted in the economic structures of tourism.

Exploitation manifests in several key ways:

Poor working conditions and low wages: In many destinations, especially those lacking strong labor protections, tourism workers, often locals, face exploitative practices. This includes long hours, inadequate pay that doesn’t reflect the cost of living, and a lack of benefits like health insurance or paid time off. I’ve witnessed this firsthand in several Southeast Asian countries, where tour guides and hotel staff are overworked and underpaid.
Displacement due to rising land values: The influx of tourists often drives up property prices, making it unaffordable for local residents. This forces them to relocate, disrupting traditional ways of life and eroding the cultural fabric that attracted tourists in the first place. I’ve seen entire villages transformed into tourist hubs, with the original inhabitants pushed to the fringes.
Cultural commodification: Traditional ceremonies, practices, and even clothing can be commodified for tourist consumption, reducing them to mere spectacles. This strips them of their original meaning and significance, and often fails to benefit the communities involved. I’ve seen examples of this in several indigenous communities, where traditional dances were performed repeatedly for tourists without adequate compensation or respect.

These issues are often exacerbated in areas with weak governance and a lack of effective regulation. It’s crucial to remember that “sustainable tourism” isn’t just about reducing your carbon footprint; it’s about ensuring that tourism benefits local communities fairly and respectfully. Supporting locally-owned businesses, choosing ethical tour operators, and being mindful of your impact on local cultures are crucial steps towards achieving truly sustainable travel.

To combat this, we need:

Stronger regulations and enforcement to protect workers’ rights.
Fair wages and working conditions for all tourism employees.
Community-based tourism initiatives that ensure local communities directly benefit from tourism revenue.
Support for local businesses and artisans.
Respect for local cultures and traditions.

What are the three E’s of sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism isn’t just a buzzword; it’s the future of travel. And understanding the “Three E’s” – Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity – is key to responsible exploration. These aren’t simply separate concepts; they’re interconnected pillars supporting a truly sustainable tourism model.

Environmental sustainability goes beyond the obvious – reducing your carbon footprint while traveling. It’s about supporting businesses committed to conservation, choosing eco-friendly accommodations, minimizing waste, and respecting local ecosystems. Think supporting locally-owned ecolodges over large chain hotels, or opting for walking tours instead of gas-guzzling excursions. I’ve seen firsthand the devastating impact of mass tourism on fragile environments, from over-crowded beaches to depleted coral reefs. Choosing sustainable options is crucial to protecting these precious places for future generations.

Economic sustainability focuses on ensuring that tourism benefits local communities. This means supporting local businesses, restaurants, and guides – putting money directly into the hands of the people who live and work in the areas you visit. Avoid exploitative practices, and seek out businesses that fairly compensate their employees and reinvest in their communities. Remember that impactful, positive change starts with the money you spend.

Finally, social equity is all about respecting the cultures and traditions of the places you visit. It’s about engaging with local communities respectfully, learning about their customs, supporting their arts and crafts, and being a mindful and considerate visitor. This goes hand-in-hand with ensuring that tourism doesn’t displace local populations or damage their way of life. It’s about travel that benefits everyone, not just those who profit from it.

Ultimately, achieving true sustainability in tourism requires a delicate balance between these three E’s. It’s about making conscious choices as travelers, and demanding better practices from tour operators and businesses. Only then can we ensure that the places we love remain vibrant and accessible for years to come.

What are the 5 P’s of sustainable tourism?

The UN’s 5 Ps for sustainable tourism – People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership – are crucial for responsible adventure. Let’s break it down from a hiker’s perspective:

People: This isn’t just about locals; it’s about fellow travelers and the environment’s carrying capacity. Respect local cultures, support local businesses (avoiding exploitative tourist traps), and practice Leave No Trace principles. Consider the impact of your presence on both the human and natural environments.
Planet: Minimize your environmental footprint. Pack out everything you pack in, stick to marked trails, avoid disturbing wildlife, and choose eco-friendly accommodations and transportation. Opt for carbon-neutral travel options whenever possible.
Prosperity: Sustainable tourism benefits local communities economically. Support locally owned businesses, choose guides and outfitters who prioritize fair wages and ethical practices, and spend your money in ways that directly benefit the places you visit.
Peace: Responsible travel contributes to peaceful coexistence between visitors and host communities. Learn a few basic phrases in the local language, be respectful of local customs and traditions, and avoid activities that could exacerbate existing conflicts.
Partnership: Collaboration is key. Support organizations that promote sustainable tourism practices, engage with local conservation efforts, and share your experiences responsibly. Advocate for responsible tourism within your own circles.

Remember: Sustainable tourism isn’t just a buzzword; it’s about ensuring that future generations can enjoy the same incredible outdoor experiences we do. By prioritizing these 5 Ps, we can help protect the places we love and preserve them for years to come.

Is capitalism compatible with sustainability?

No way is capitalism truly compatible with sustainability! Think about it: we’re talking about a system built on endless growth – constantly consuming resources and expanding our footprint. That’s like trying to hike the Appalachian Trail while carrying an ever-increasing backpack – eventually, you’ll collapse under the weight.

Even if we try to factor in the environmental cost – like assigning a dollar value to clean air or a pristine forest – nature still gets the short end of the stick. It’s like calculating the cost of leaving a trail littered with trash, but then still deciding it’s worth it for a “successful” hike. The fundamental problem is the pursuit of limitless growth.

Rull (2010b) nailed it: unlimited human growth and sustainable development are diametrically opposed. It’s a zero-sum game in the wild. Consider these points:

Resource depletion: Capitalism incentivizes extraction at a rate far exceeding natural replenishment. Think of overfishing – we’re depleting stocks faster than they can reproduce.
Pollution: Externalizing environmental costs (pollution, habitat destruction) is a cornerstone of capitalist efficiency. It’s like leaving your trash behind on a mountain trail – convenient for you, disastrous for the environment.
Unsustainable tourism: Even eco-tourism can become unsustainable with mass participation, leading to trail erosion, wildlife disruption, and increased pollution. Responsible trail etiquette, like “leave no trace,” is crucial but often clashes with maximizing profits.

We need a paradigm shift. Sustainable development requires limits – both on consumption and growth. It’s about finding a balance between human needs and environmental preservation – like respecting carrying capacity on a challenging trail. We need to prioritize conservation and responsible resource management over relentless expansion.

What are the 3 P’s of sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism isn’t just a buzzword; it’s the lifeblood of responsible travel. The widely accepted “three Ps”—People, Planet, and Profit—represent a crucial framework. People encompasses the local communities hosting tourists; their cultures, livelihoods, and well-being are paramount. Exploitation is unacceptable; fair wages, respect for traditions, and community involvement are key. Think supporting locally-owned businesses, choosing homestays over large impersonal hotels, and engaging respectfully with local customs. Planet refers to minimizing our environmental footprint. This means reducing carbon emissions through conscious travel choices like prioritizing trains over planes when feasible, opting for eco-lodges, and actively participating in conservation efforts. Finally, Profit ensures the long-term viability of tourism enterprises. Sustainable businesses understand that environmental and social responsibility are not just ethical imperatives, but also good business. They attract environmentally conscious travelers, foster positive community relations, and ensure a healthier, more resilient tourism sector for future generations. Ignoring any of these Ps risks rendering the whole concept meaningless. True sustainable tourism requires a holistic approach, intertwining social equity, environmental protection, and economic prosperity.

What are the 3 main focus of sustainable tourism?

Sustainable tourism boils down to three key pillars: environmental protection, economic viability, and socio-cultural preservation. It’s not just about ticking boxes; it’s about finding the sweet spot where these three work in harmony. I’ve seen firsthand how neglecting one can unravel the others. For instance, over-tourism in a stunning location can trash its natural beauty (environmental damage), driving away high-spending visitors and crippling local businesses (economic downfall), while simultaneously eroding the unique culture and traditions that initially attracted travelers (socio-cultural erosion).

Environmental protection means minimizing our footprint. This involves supporting eco-lodges, choosing destinations with strong conservation efforts, opting for responsible transportation options, and respecting local wildlife and ecosystems. I’ve experienced the magic of sustainable travel – snorkeling amidst vibrant coral reefs that weren’t bleached, hiking through pristine rainforests teeming with life, and encountering indigenous cultures who were actively involved in preserving their environment.

Economic viability isn’t just about maximizing profits; it’s about ensuring fair wages, supporting local businesses, and distributing tourism revenue equitably throughout the community. This reduces leakage to multinational corporations and empowers local people to be the primary beneficiaries of tourism. I’ve seen the transformative effect of community-based tourism projects, where locals are directly involved in guiding, accommodating, and showcasing their culture, leading to improved living standards and pride in their heritage.

Socio-cultural preservation is vital. It means respecting local customs and traditions, learning a few basic phrases in the local language, supporting local artisans, and avoiding activities that exploit or commodify cultural practices. Authentic interactions are far more rewarding than staged performances or disrespectful practices. I’ve forged unforgettable connections with local communities by simply being respectful, curious, and open to learning about their way of life.

Ultimately, sustainable tourism isn’t about sacrifice; it’s about enriching the experience for everyone involved – the traveler, the local community, and the environment. It’s about leaving a place better than we found it, ensuring future generations can also enjoy its wonders.

Who really benefits from capitalism?

The question of who truly benefits from capitalism is a complex one, often debated in bustling Parisian cafes and quiet Himalayan tea houses alike. My travels have shown me the stark realities of its impact across diverse cultures.

Capitalism, at its core, tends to disproportionately enrich capitalists. This isn’t a revolutionary statement; it’s an observation born from witnessing sprawling mansions in Monaco juxtaposed with desperate poverty in favelas. These capitalists – business owners, investors, those who control significant capital – reap the lion’s share of the rewards. Think of the gilded skyscrapers of Hong Kong versus the humble rice paddies of rural Vietnam; the contrast speaks volumes.

While I’ve seen undeniable improvements in living standards in many places – vibrant markets in Marrakech, bustling technology hubs in Bangalore – the benefits are undeniably skewed. The wealth generated isn’t evenly distributed. The glittering wealth of the global elite, easily visible in their private jets and exclusive resorts, stands in stark contrast to the struggles of countless individuals globally. My experiences in both the bustling cities and remote villages paint a clear picture: the trickle-down effect is often more of a drip.

The gains from capitalism, although real for many, are far outweighed by the concentration of wealth at the top. This is a pattern I’ve observed from the sprawling urban landscapes of Shanghai to the tranquil countryside of New Zealand. It’s a global phenomenon, consistently present across continents and cultures, regardless of local nuances.

Why is tourism unsustainable?

The unsustainable nature of tourism stems from its immense strain on local resources. Think of the energy guzzled by flights, hotels, and tourist activities – often in areas already grappling with scarce resources like water and food. The demand created by millions of travelers exponentially increases the extraction and transportation of these resources, leading to deforestation, habitat destruction, and increased carbon emissions. This isn’t just about the obvious, like overflowing landfills from single-use plastics; it’s about the unseen impacts, the strain on fragile ecosystems, and the displacement of local communities who often bear the brunt of environmental damage while seeing little direct benefit. I’ve witnessed firsthand in remote locations how the influx of tourists can deplete freshwater sources crucial for local populations, leaving them with less for agriculture and daily life. The very act of getting tourists to these locations – the planes, the buses, the boats – contributes significantly to the overall environmental footprint, often exceeding the impact of the tourist’s activities on the ground.

The romanticized image of travel often obscures the harsh reality: our thirst for adventure comes at a cost. We need to move beyond superficial “eco-tourism” labels and engage with truly sustainable practices that prioritize local communities and minimize the environmental consequences of our wanderlust.

What are the flaws of capitalism?

Think of capitalism like a challenging mountain range. The summit, immense wealth and power, is accessible to only a few, leaving many struggling in the valleys below. This unequal distribution is a major flaw, like a treacherous crevasse threatening to swallow climbers whole. The path to the top often becomes monopolized, with a few powerful corporations controlling entire ecosystems – oligopolistic giants, if you will, blocking trails and demanding exorbitant tolls. This isn’t just a metaphorical landscape; it fuels real-world conflicts – the equivalent of conquering neighboring peaks through imperialism and counter-revolutionary wars, exploiting resources and cultures along the way. Workers, the sherpas carrying the loads for this capitalist ascent, often face suppression and exploitation; their labor, like the vital oxygen thin air, underpaid and underappreciated. It’s a dangerous climb, with inherent risks and uneven distribution of both rewards and burdens. The system itself, like a poorly marked trail, can lead to unexpected dead ends and dangerous falls.

What is the difference between eco tourism and sustainable tourism?

While both eco-tourism and sustainable tourism aim for responsible travel, there’s a key distinction. Sustainable tourism adopts a broader approach, encompassing economic, social, and environmental considerations, aligning with the principles of sustainable development. Think of it as a holistic approach to minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive contributions to the destination.

Ecotourism, conversely, places a sharper focus on environmental protection and conservation. It prioritizes minimizing the ecological footprint of travel and actively promoting awareness and appreciation of natural areas. This often involves supporting local conservation efforts and educating travelers about environmental responsibility.

Sustainable tourism might involve staying in a hotel with energy-efficient practices, supporting local businesses, and respecting local customs, even if it’s not explicitly located in a natural area.
Ecotourism, on the other hand, is typically linked to visits to protected areas like national parks or wildlife reserves. Activities often center around nature appreciation—think wildlife viewing, hiking, bird watching—with an emphasis on minimizing disturbance to ecosystems.

It’s important to note that ecotourism can be considered a subset of sustainable tourism. All ecotourism is sustainable tourism, but not all sustainable tourism is ecotourism. A truly sustainable tourism experience will often incorporate elements of both approaches.

Look for certifications: Organizations like the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) provide criteria for sustainable tourism operators. Look for these certifications to ensure higher standards.
Choose smaller, locally owned businesses: These often have a stronger commitment to sustainability and contribute more directly to local communities.
Prioritize experiences that minimize your impact: Avoid activities that harm wildlife or damage the environment. Opt for low-impact transportation like walking or cycling when possible.