Are tourists safe in Egypt right now?

Egypt offers incredible historical and cultural experiences, but it’s crucial to be aware of the security landscape. While the vast majority of tourist visits are trouble-free, the risk of terrorist attacks, though low statistically compared to many other global hotspots, remains. These attacks, if they occur, could target popular tourist sites, religious locations, and areas with significant crowds. The situation can be unpredictable, and local conditions can shift rapidly. Protests and demonstrations, while often peaceful, can escalate quickly and pose a safety risk. Therefore, diligent vigilance is recommended. Familiarize yourself with local news and advisories before and during your trip. Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially at night. Register your travel plans with your embassy or consulate. Consider purchasing comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, evacuation, and security-related incidents. Remember that even seemingly safe areas can be affected by unexpected events.

In addition to the general security concerns, be mindful of petty theft, particularly in crowded tourist areas. Avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics openly. Learn a few basic Arabic phrases – it can be helpful in navigating situations and showing respect for the local culture. While many Egyptians speak English, particularly in tourist areas, knowing a few phrases can enhance your experience and demonstrate cultural sensitivity. Be aware of scams targeting tourists, such as overly priced goods or taxi services. Negotiate prices beforehand and use reputable transportation methods whenever possible.

Ultimately, responsible travel to Egypt involves a balance of enjoying the rich culture and history while being mindful of the inherent risks present in any international destination. Thorough planning, awareness of your surroundings, and adherence to safety guidelines will significantly enhance your travel experience.

Should I carry my passport with me in Egypt?

Carrying your passport in Egypt is a complex issue. While not strictly mandated by law for everyday activities, the reality is that Egyptian authorities have broad powers of stop and search. Lack of readily available identification, including your passport, can lead to lengthy questioning and detention, even if you’ve done nothing wrong. This isn’t about being targeted; it’s about the system. Think of it like this: it’s your best insurance policy against unexpected delays and potential hassle. Consider making photocopies of your passport and visa (keeping originals secure) and carrying a smaller, easily accessible copy. Also, know your rights (though exercising them might be challenging) and consider informing your embassy or consulate if detained.

Beyond official interactions, carrying your passport also provides a degree of personal safety. It can be helpful for verifying your identity in various situations, from checking into hotels to navigating potential scams. While it’s advisable to be discreet about displaying your passport, its possession gives you an edge in potentially difficult situations. Remember, preparedness is key in Egypt, and having your passport readily available is a significant element of that.

Is Egypt guarantee of an authorized tourist agent?

Egypt’s tourism landscape has recently undergone a significant shift. To enter Egypt, you’ll now need the guarantee of a licensed Egyptian tour operator. This means your pre-arranged trip must be handled by an agent registered with the Egyptian authorities, and crucially, that representative must be present at the airport upon your arrival.

This new policy impacts travelers in two key ways:

Pre-arranged tours are mandatory for most tourists. Independent travel, while possible, necessitates obtaining a visa in advance at an Egyptian embassy, consulate, or authorized visa center before your departure. This adds considerable pre-trip planning and potential delays.
On-site agent presence is non-negotiable. Don’t assume you can bypass this requirement. The tour operator’s representative will facilitate your entry and handle necessary documentation checks, so make sure communication is clear and expectations aligned with your travel agency before your trip.

This change reflects Egypt’s ongoing efforts to manage tourism more effectively and enhance security. While it adds a layer of complexity to the planning phase, it ultimately aims to improve the overall tourist experience and ensure responsible tourism practices. For those used to independent backpacking, this is a significant adjustment.

Therefore, diligent pre-trip planning is essential. Here’s what to consider:

Choose your tour operator wisely. Research thoroughly, check reviews, and ensure your chosen agent is officially licensed to operate in Egypt.
Confirm arrival details with your agent. Establish clear communication channels and ensure your agent is aware of your exact flight details and arrival time. Delays in communication could lead to delays at the airport.
Understand the visa implications. If you’re traveling independently, be prepared for the necessary steps to obtain your visa in advance. This includes gathering the required documents and understanding processing times.

Is it safe to be a tourist in Egypt?

Egypt is a captivating destination, but safety is paramount. While generally safe for tourists, it’s crucial to be aware of your surroundings and take sensible precautions.

Major tourist sites are typically well-secured and monitored by police, offering a degree of reassurance. However, venturing off the beaten path, particularly in less-populated areas or at night, increases risk. Stick to well-lit and populated streets, especially in larger cities like Cairo and Alexandria.

Here are some practical tips to enhance your safety:

Avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics. This can make you a target for petty theft.
Use official taxis or ride-sharing apps instead of hailing cabs on the street. Negotiate the fare beforehand.
Be mindful of your belongings in crowded areas, like markets and bazaars. Pickpocketing can occur.
Learn a few basic Arabic phrases. Even a simple “shukran” (thank you) can go a long way in showing respect and fostering positive interactions.
Stay hydrated. Carry a reusable water bottle and refill it regularly.
Dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. This is a sign of respect for local customs.

Consider joining organized tours, particularly for day trips outside of major cities. These offer a structured and safe way to explore Egypt’s wonders. Local guides are invaluable sources of information and can help you navigate unfamiliar areas confidently.

Research your destinations beforehand. Understanding the local customs and potential risks will help you make informed decisions and stay safe. Check travel advisories from your government before your trip.

Register your trip with your embassy or consulate. This allows them to contact you in case of emergencies.

Cairo: While bustling and exciting, Cairo requires extra vigilance. Stick to well-known tourist areas and avoid wandering alone at night.
Luxor and Aswan: Generally safer than Cairo, but still exercise caution, especially when exploring less-visited sites.
Red Sea resorts: These are typically very safe and tourist-oriented, offering a more relaxed atmosphere.

By being proactive and informed, you can significantly reduce your risks and enjoy a memorable and safe trip to Egypt.

How safe is Cairo, Egypt for Americans?

Cairo’s safety for Americans is a nuanced issue. While the Foreign Office doesn’t currently advise against travel, it’s crucial to be aware of your surroundings. It’s a bustling metropolis, so petty theft is a real possibility. Keep valuables secure and be extra mindful in crowded areas. Consider using ride-sharing apps instead of taxis, especially at night.

For female travelers: Exercise extra caution. Harassment and sexual assault, sadly, occur. Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially at night. Traveling with a buddy is highly recommended. Learning a few basic Arabic phrases can also be helpful in navigating situations.

Beyond the safety concerns: Cairo offers incredible historical sites like the Pyramids and the Egyptian Museum. Exploring these sites requires stamina and appropriate footwear – comfortable walking shoes are essential. The weather can be extreme, especially in summer, so pack accordingly; light clothing, sunscreen, and a hat are crucial. Bargaining is common in markets, so don’t be afraid to negotiate prices.

Transportation: Cairo’s public transport system is extensive but can be chaotic. The metro is efficient and affordable but can get crowded during peak hours. Consider using Uber or Careem for safer and more convenient travel, particularly at night.

Health: Consult your doctor about necessary vaccinations and malaria prevention. Stay hydrated, and be mindful of food and water safety. Stick to bottled water to avoid stomach issues.

What are the disadvantages of Evisa?

While e-visas offer unparalleled convenience, streamlining the travel process for millions, a seasoned globetrotter knows there are potential downsides. Technical glitches can unexpectedly delay your application or even lead to rejection, leaving you scrambling for alternatives at the last minute, especially in countries with unreliable internet infrastructure. Language barriers, beyond the application itself, can complicate communication with support teams should issues arise, further amplifying stress. The impersonal nature of the process, lacking the human touch of a visa application at an embassy, means fewer avenues for addressing unforeseen complexities or correcting mistakes. Furthermore, the digital landscape presents a heightened risk of fraud, necessitating extra vigilance to ensure you’re using legitimate platforms. Finally, the inherent inflexibility of many e-visa systems contrasts with the occasional need for on-the-ground adjustments to your travel plans. Changes or cancellations often prove difficult and may incur additional fees or even render the visa invalid, making meticulously planned itineraries crucial. My experience traversing diverse bureaucratic landscapes across dozens of nations underscores the importance of understanding these limitations before relying solely on e-visa convenience.

Where to avoid in Egypt?

Egypt, a land of pharaohs and pyramids, also presents certain security challenges. While most tourist areas are safe, exercising caution is vital. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) actively advises against all but essential travel to several regions. Understanding these areas is crucial for safe travel planning.

Areas to Avoid:

Egypt-Libya border: This region experiences significant instability and security risks, making travel extremely dangerous.
North Sinai: A volatile area plagued by ongoing conflict. Travel here is strongly discouraged due to the high risk of terrorist activity and general insecurity.
Northern part of South Sinai: While popular resorts in South Sinai are generally safe, the northern parts remain susceptible to security threats. Always check specific location advisories before travelling.
Eastern part of Ismailiyah Governorate: This area borders the Suez Canal and has seen instances of unrest and security incidents. Avoid unnecessary travel here.
Western Desert: Vast and remote, the Western Desert presents challenges due to its harsh environment and limited infrastructure. Travel requires meticulous planning, experienced guides, and appropriate safety measures. Banditry and accidental injury are significant risks.
Hala’ib Triangle and Bir Tawil Trapezoid: These disputed territories are best avoided entirely due to the complex political and security situation.
Entering Egypt from Gaza: Crossing the border from Gaza is extremely risky due to political tensions and potential security threats. Avoid this entry point.
Sending aid to Gaza from Egypt: This action carries significant political and security risks and is strongly discouraged.

Important Note: This information is for guidance only. Always consult the latest FCDO travel advice and other reputable sources before and during your trip. The security situation can change rapidly. Register your travel plans with your embassy and maintain a high level of situational awareness throughout your journey. Avoid travelling alone in less populated areas. Local knowledge is invaluable – consider hiring a reputable guide, especially when venturing outside established tourist zones.

Is it safe to visit the pyramids?

Beyond Security: Practical Tips for Your Visit

While safety is paramount, planning ahead enhances your experience. Consider hiring a licensed guide; they provide invaluable historical context and navigate the crowds efficiently. Be wary of unofficial guides approaching you unsolicited – they often inflate prices and lack the expertise of licensed professionals. Remember to dress respectfully, covering shoulders and knees, particularly when entering the pyramids themselves. Carry small Egyptian pounds for tips and smaller purchases – bargaining is expected.

Beyond the Pyramids: Exploring the Giza Plateau

Don’t limit yourself to just the pyramids! The Giza Plateau offers more than just ancient wonders. Explore the Solar Boat Museum, housing the reconstructed funerary barge of Khufu, or take in the breathtaking sunset views overlooking the pyramids. Many camel rides are offered near the site, providing a unique perspective, but always negotiate the price beforehand.

Avoiding Scams:

While generally safe, petty theft can still occur. Be mindful of your belongings, especially cameras and purses, and avoid displaying excessive amounts of cash. Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially at night.

Is it safe to walk around Cairo?

Cairo’s safety for solo walking is a nuanced topic. Daytime strolling in tourist hubs like Tahrir Square or the Khan el-Khalili market is relatively safe, but vigilance is key. The biggest risk isn’t violent crime, but rather the persistent hustlers and scammers. Expect to be approached frequently – think persistent souvenir sellers, guides offering unsolicited tours at inflated prices, and even “helpful” individuals feigning lost wallets to distract you. Learning a few basic Arabic phrases (“La shukran,” meaning “no thank you,” is invaluable) will help you deflect unwanted interactions.

Wandering off the beaten path, particularly at night, increases the risk. Stick to well-lit and populated streets, and always be aware of your surroundings. While serious crime isn’t commonplace, petty theft is a possibility, especially in crowded areas. Keep valuables close, avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics, and use common sense. Consider using ride-hailing apps like Uber or Careem for nighttime travel, or stick to reputable taxis.

Female travelers should take extra precautions. While Cairo isn’t uniquely dangerous for women, dressing modestly can help avoid unwanted attention. Being assertive and confident in your movements can also deter potential harassers. Always let someone know your itinerary and check in regularly.

Ultimately, Cairo, like any large city, requires a blend of caution and open-mindedness. Enjoy the vibrant culture and historical wonders, but maintain a healthy level of awareness and you’ll have a safe and memorable experience.

Are the pyramids safe to visit?

The safety of the Giza Pyramids is a frequent concern, but rest assured, the area boasts a remarkably strong security presence. The Giza plateau itself is considered one of the safest parts of Cairo. Security is visible throughout, guarding the Pyramids, the Sphinx, access roads, and all entrances.

However, standard tourist precautions still apply.

Be mindful of your belongings: Pickpocketing, though less prevalent than in other bustling areas, can still occur in crowded spaces.
Negotiate prices beforehand: Many vendors operate near the sites. Agree on a price before engaging in any transaction to avoid disputes.
Use reputable transportation: Opt for official taxis or ride-sharing services, especially for travel to and from your accommodation.
Dress modestly: While not strictly enforced, showing respect for local customs is always appreciated.
Stay hydrated: The climate can be harsh, so carry water and stay hydrated, particularly during hotter months.

Beyond security, here’s what makes a visit truly worthwhile:

Sunrise or sunset views: Witnessing the Pyramids bathed in the golden light of sunrise or sunset offers an unparalleled experience.
Sound and Light Show: Check the schedule for a captivating multimedia show illuminating the history of the Pyramids.
Explore beyond the main pyramids: Don’t miss the smaller pyramids and other ancient structures on the plateau – they often hold less crowded and equally impressive sights.

How safe is Egypt for female Travellers?

Egypt’s reputation for hospitality is well-deserved; you’ll encounter genuine warmth and kindness from many Egyptians. However, solo female travel in Egypt often means increased attention, which can range from curious stares to more persistent interactions. This isn’t inherently malicious, but it can be overwhelming. Managing this requires proactive strategies.

Firstly, dress modestly. While not a guarantee of safety, covering shoulders and knees, especially in more conservative areas, helps minimize unwanted attention. Loose, comfortable clothing is practical in the heat anyway. Secondly, learn a few basic Arabic phrases. Even a simple “shukran” (thank you) shows respect and can ease interactions.

Plan your itinerary carefully. Opt for well-lit and populated areas, particularly at night. Research transportation options in advance, favouring reputable taxis or ride-sharing services over less regulated options. Share your itinerary with someone back home, and check in regularly. Consider using a personal safety app with GPS tracking.

Be assertive and confident. A firm “no, thank you” in Arabic or English, delivered with confidence, is often effective in deterring unwanted advances. Don’t be afraid to seek assistance from hotel staff, local guides, or even police if you feel uncomfortable.

While harassment can occur, it’s important to remember that it’s not representative of the entire population. Most Egyptians are welcoming and helpful. By combining careful planning with a proactive and assertive approach, women can enjoy a safe and rewarding trip to this fascinating country.

What is the travel risk rating for Egypt?

Egypt currently holds a Level 3 travel advisory: Reconsider Travel. This assessment reflects ongoing security concerns, primarily stemming from the persistent threat of terrorism, particularly in the Sinai Peninsula. While much of Egypt is relatively safe for tourists, the risk isn’t uniform across the country.

Key areas of concern include:

Sinai Peninsula: Travel to the Sinai Peninsula, especially areas bordering Gaza and other conflict zones, is strongly discouraged due to significant terrorist activity and unpredictable security situations. This isn’t limited to specific locations but encompasses a broad swathe of the region.
Major Cities: While Cairo, Alexandria, and Luxor generally see fewer incidents than the Sinai, the threat of terrorism remains. Increased vigilance and awareness of your surroundings are essential. Be mindful of crowded areas and potential targets.
Remote Areas: Travel outside major tourist hubs should be approached with extreme caution and ideally undertaken with a reputable tour operator familiar with security protocols in those regions.

Before traveling to Egypt, you should:

Monitor travel advisories: Regularly check for updates from your government’s travel advisory service as situations can change rapidly.
Register your trip: Inform your embassy or consulate of your travel plans. This can be crucial in case of emergencies.
Review your travel insurance: Ensure your policy adequately covers medical emergencies, evacuations, and potential security incidents in Egypt.
Understand local laws and customs: Familiarity with local regulations can help you avoid unintentional infractions and potential problems.
Stay informed: Be aware of local news and events that could impact your safety.

Despite the risks, Egypt offers incredible historical sites and cultural experiences. Thorough research, careful planning, and an awareness of the security situation are crucial for a safe and rewarding trip.

How do I plan a safe trip to Egypt?

Planning a safe Egyptian adventure requires meticulous preparation. Prioritize thorough research, utilizing resources like our website dedicated to high-risk travel, for up-to-date information on security situations and potential threats.

Never underestimate the importance of meticulous documentation. Ensure your passport’s validity extends well beyond your intended stay and keep digital and physical copies readily accessible. Consider registering with your embassy or consulate; it provides a vital safety net.

Self-reliance is paramount. Develop a robust exit strategy that doesn’t hinge on external assistance. Have alternative flight and accommodation options readily available, especially in case of unforeseen circumstances.

Understanding local customs and laws is non-negotiable. Familiarize yourself with dress codes, social norms, and any potential legal restrictions before even stepping off the plane. A basic grasp of Arabic phrases can be incredibly beneficial.

Avoid large gatherings and demonstrations. These can quickly turn volatile, regardless of their initial intent. Stick to well-lit, populated areas, especially at night.

Health precautions are crucial. Consult your physician regarding necessary vaccinations and recommended medications. Carry a comprehensive first-aid kit and consider travel insurance with extensive medical coverage.

Stay connected, but be mindful of your surroundings. A reliable communication plan, including a local SIM card or international roaming, is essential, but avoid ostentatiously displaying expensive electronics.

Trust your instincts. If a situation feels unsafe, remove yourself immediately. Your safety should always be the top priority.

Consider hiring a reputable local guide. They possess invaluable knowledge of the region, ensuring a richer, safer, and more authentic experience.

Is it safe to walk in Cairo at night?

Cairo’s streets present a safety challenge regardless of the time of day, but the risks escalate significantly at night. While daytime offers a degree of visibility and activity deterring petty crime, the cover of darkness unfortunately emboldens more serious threats. This is a common issue across many rapidly developing megacities, not unique to Cairo. Tourists, especially women traveling alone, should strongly prioritize taxis or ride-sharing services for nighttime travel. Negotiating fares beforehand is advisable, and sticking to reputable companies is crucial for safety and peace of mind. Even during the day, be mindful of your belongings and avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics. While the vibrant culture and history are captivating, prioritizing personal safety, especially in less touristy areas, is paramount to a positive experience. Consider sticking to well-lit and populated areas, even during the day. Familiarizing yourself with local emergency numbers is also a prudent measure.

Remember: While the majority of Cairenes are welcoming and hospitable, exercising caution is essential in any unfamiliar large city, particularly at night.

Have a safe trip in Egyptian?

The common Egyptian Arabic phrase for “Have a safe trip” is “تِروح و تيجي بِالسَّلامَة” /tirooH w teegee bissalaamah/, literally translating to “Come and go safely!” This emphasizes both the departure and return journey. The appropriate response, depending on the gender of the speaker, is الله يِسَلِّمَك /allaah yisallimak/ (male) or الله يِسَلٍّمِك /allaah yisallimik/ (female), meaning “May God protect you.”

Note that while “Have a safe trip” is commonly understood, the more culturally appropriate phrasing and response are more nuanced and reflect a deeper wish for well-being. The emphasis on safe return highlights the importance of community and well wishes in Egyptian culture.

Learning these phrases enhances your interaction with locals and demonstrates respect for their traditions.

Is Egypt eVisa better than visa on arrival?

The Egyptian eVisa demands forethought; you’ll need to apply online well in advance of your trip. This eliminates the potential hassle of lengthy queues at the airport, but it does limit spontaneity. The visa on arrival, conversely, provides the ultimate flexibility for those who prefer to book flights and accommodation on a whim. However, be aware that lines can be long and processing times unpredictable, especially during peak season. Consider factors like your travel style and the potential time commitment at the airport when making your decision. The eVisa is generally faster *after* application, but the visa on arrival offers that crucial last-minute freedom. Processing time for both can vary, and unexpected delays are always a possibility. Always check the official Egyptian immigration website for the most up-to-date information on application requirements and processing times for both options.

How safe is Cairo for female tourists?

Cairo’s safety for female tourists is a frequently asked question, and the answer is nuanced. While Egypt has made strides in improving safety in major tourist hubs like Cairo, Luxor, Hurghada, and Sharm El Sheikh, vigilance is key. It’s not inherently unsafe, but it requires a different approach than, say, traveling solo in Western Europe.

Dress modestly: This isn’t about adhering to a strict code, but about blending in. Loose clothing that covers your shoulders and knees, especially when visiting religious sites, is advisable. Avoid overly revealing outfits.

Travel with a group or utilize reputable tour operators: The camaraderie and security offered by a group dynamic or a trusted agency can enhance safety. Pre-arranged transport is always a better option than relying on random taxis or ride-sharing services, particularly at night.

Be aware of your surroundings: This is crucial anywhere, but even more so in bustling cities like Cairo. Avoid wandering alone in less populated or dimly lit areas, especially after dark. Stay alert and trust your instincts. If a situation feels uncomfortable, remove yourself immediately.

Learn basic Arabic phrases: While many people in tourist areas speak English, knowing a few basic phrases can be invaluable, especially in emergencies. It also shows respect for the local culture.

Use reliable transportation: Utilize official taxis or pre-booked car services. Negotiate the fare beforehand to avoid disputes. Avoid informal transportation options unless recommended by someone trustworthy.

Consider your itinerary: Research the areas you plan to visit and be aware of any potential safety concerns. Some neighborhoods are more tourist-friendly than others.
Inform someone of your plans: Share your itinerary with a friend or family member back home, including your hotel details and expected return times.
Keep valuables secure: Use secure bags and avoid displaying expensive jewelry or electronics.

Remember: Harassment can occur, though it’s not necessarily indicative of widespread danger. Knowing how to confidently and assertively respond to unwanted attention is important. Learn some phrases to firmly decline unwanted advances.

Ultimately, enjoying a safe and fulfilling trip to Cairo, or anywhere, requires a combination of preparedness, awareness, and a healthy dose of common sense. With careful planning and responsible travel practices, women can experience the incredible culture and history this city has to offer.

What is the most common crime in Cairo?

Cairo, like many large global cities, faces a diverse range of criminal activity. While pinpointing the single *most* common crime is difficult due to underreporting and varying data collection methods, petty theft is undoubtedly prevalent. This includes pickpocketing and bag snatching, particularly in crowded tourist areas and bustling markets. These crimes are opportunistic and often committed by skilled individuals working in groups. Tourists should maintain heightened awareness of their surroundings and belongings at all times.

Beyond petty theft, armed robberies and muggings, sometimes involving taxis, represent a more serious threat. These incidents can occur at any time of day, though they’re statistically more likely at night or in less-populated areas. It’s crucial to avoid poorly lit streets and deserted areas, especially alone. Using reputable taxi services and sticking to well-traveled routes significantly minimizes risk.

Break-ins to accommodations and vehicles are also reported, though the frequency varies greatly depending on location and security measures in place. Choosing well-secured hotels and utilizing secure parking facilities is highly recommended. Furthermore, sexual assault, a devastating crime, sadly occurs in Cairo as it does globally. Understanding local customs, being aware of one’s personal safety, and avoiding potentially risky situations are crucial preventative measures.

It’s important to remember that while crime exists, Cairo remains a vibrant and captivating city. By employing common-sense safety precautions and exercising situational awareness, visitors can significantly mitigate their risk and enjoy a safe and enriching experience.

Do female tourists have to cover up in Egypt?

Egypt’s dress code expectations vary, with women generally adhering to a more conservative standard than men. While tourists aren’t subject to the same strictures as local women, dressing modestly will significantly enhance your experience. Think of it less as a rule and more as a cultural sensitivity.

Practical advice: Packing loose-fitting clothing that covers shoulders and knees is a safe bet, particularly when visiting religious sites like mosques and ancient temples. Lightweight, breathable fabrics are ideal for the climate. Scarves are versatile – use them to cover your head if visiting a mosque or simply to add a layer of modesty. Shorts and sleeveless tops are acceptable in more touristy areas, but consider the context.

Beyond the basics: The level of conservatism can vary geographically and situationally. Coastal resorts are generally more relaxed than rural areas or conservative cities. Observe local women’s attire as a good guide; aiming for a similar level of coverage will be appreciated and contribute to a respectful interaction. Ultimately, respectful attire reflects consideration for the local culture and allows you to fully immerse yourself in the experience without attracting unwanted attention.

Important note: While covering up is recommended, it’s crucial to remember this is about respect and cultural sensitivity, not about strict adherence to a rigid code. Use your judgment and be mindful of your surroundings.